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Performance	
  analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  image	
  and	
  video	
  
compression	
  based	
  on	
  subjec8ve	
  evalua8ons	
  
               Francesca	
  De	
  Simone,	
  Lutz	
  Goldmann,	
  
                  Jong-­‐Seok	
  Lee,	
  Touradj	
  Ebrahimi	
  
                       Mul@media	
  Signal	
  Processing	
  Group,	
  
           Ecole	
  Polythechnique	
  Fédérale	
  de	
  Lausanne,	
  Lausanne	
  
                                              	
  
                           SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
  2011	
  
                     Applica@ons	
  of	
  Digital	
  Image	
  Processing	
  
Outline	
  

•  Introduc@on	
  
•  Codecs	
  and	
  configura@ons	
  
•  Subjec@ve	
  quality	
  evalua@on	
  
   – MMSPG	
  test	
  environment	
  
   – Datasets	
  
   – Test	
  methodology	
  
   – Score	
  processing	
  and	
  analysis	
  
•  Results	
  
   – Rate	
  distor@on	
  plots	
  (RDP)	
  
   – Mul@ple	
  comparison	
  analysis	
  (MCA)	
  
   – Visual	
  samples	
  
•  Conclusions	
  

     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               2	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
INTRODUCTION	
  



SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          3	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Introduc@on	
  
•  Trends	
  clearly	
  indicate	
  that	
  the	
  video	
  consump@on	
  over	
  the	
  Web	
  is	
  
   on	
   the	
   rise.	
   At	
   the	
   same	
   @me,	
   users'	
   demand	
   for	
   increased	
  
   resolu@on	
  and	
  higher	
  quality	
  is	
  growing.	
  
•  Alterna@ves	
   for	
   compression	
   of	
   digital	
   pictures	
   and	
   video	
  
   sequences:	
  
   – interna@onally	
  recognized	
  standard	
  solu@ons	
  
   – VP8	
  open	
  access	
  image	
  and	
  video	
  compression	
  
•  Our	
   study:	
   methodology	
   and	
   results	
   of	
   the	
   rate-­‐distor@on	
  
   performance	
   analysis	
   of	
   VP8	
   based	
   on	
   subjec@ve	
   quality	
  
   assessment	
  experiments	
  
   – comparison	
   of	
   VP8	
   to	
   JPEG,	
   JPEG	
   2000,	
   JPEG	
   XR	
   for	
   4:2:0	
   image	
   compression,	
  
     to	
  H.264/AVC	
  and	
  HEVC	
  for	
  4:2:0	
  video	
  compression	
  
   – first	
  study	
  in	
  the	
  state	
  of	
  the	
  art	
  on	
  formal	
  subjec@ve	
  quality	
  evalua@on	
  of	
  VP8	
  	
  

     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               4	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
CODECS	
  AND	
  CONFIGURATIONS	
  
 	
  

SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          5	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  codecs	
  and	
  configura@ons	
  
•  WebP	
  
   – Intra	
  frame	
  coding	
  of	
  VP8	
  ini@ally	
  developed	
  by	
  On2	
  
   – Use	
  of	
  Google	
  implementa@on	
  0.1.2	
  (hep://code.google.com/speed/webp)	
  
   – Two	
  configura@ons	
  were	
  considered:	
  default,	
  photo	
  
   – Varying	
  quality	
  factor	
  to	
  reach	
  different	
  target	
  bitrates	
  
•  JPEG	
  
   – Block	
  based	
  image	
  compression	
  standard	
  developed	
  in	
  1992	
  
   – Use	
  of	
  the	
  IJG	
  implementa@on	
  8c	
  (hep://ijg.org/)	
  
   – Coded	
  using	
  baseline	
  profile	
  and	
  by	
  varying	
  the	
  quality	
  factor	
  




     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               6	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  codecs	
  and	
  configura@ons	
  
•  JPEG	
  2000	
  
   – Wavelet	
  based	
  image	
  compression	
  standard	
  with	
  improved	
  func@onality	
  and	
  
     coding	
  efficiency	
  
   – Use	
  of	
  the	
  Kakadu	
  implementa@on	
  6.4.1	
  (hep://www.kakadusojware.com/)	
  
   – Encoding	
  in	
  YUV	
  4:2:0	
  format	
  with	
  necessary	
  color	
  conversion	
  and	
  sampling	
  
   – Rate	
  control	
  op@on	
  to	
  obtain	
  target	
  bitrates	
  
•  JPEG	
  XR	
  
   – Latest	
  image	
  compression	
  standard	
  published	
  in	
  2009	
  
   – Considered	
  two	
  implementa@ons	
  
       •  JPEG	
  XR	
  reference	
  sojware	
  1.20	
  
       •  Implementa@on	
  provided	
  by	
  Microsoj	
  
   – Varying	
  quality	
  factor	
  to	
  reach	
  target	
  bitrates	
  




     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               7	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  codecs	
  and	
  configura@ons	
  
•  WebM	
  
  – VP8	
  video	
  codec	
  ini@ally	
  developed	
  by	
  On2	
  and	
  recently	
  released	
  by	
  Google	
  
  – Use	
  of	
  libvpx	
  implementa@on	
  0.9.6	
  (hep://www.webmproject.org/)	
  
  – Use	
  of	
  best	
  configura@on	
  from	
  recent	
  MSU	
  codec	
  benchmark	
  
  – Contant	
  bitrate	
  (CBR)	
  mode	
  to	
  achieve	
  target	
  bitrates	
  
•  H.264/AVC	
  
  – Very	
  popular	
  video	
  coding	
  standard	
  completed	
  by	
  JVT	
  in	
  2003	
  
  – Considered	
  two	
  implementa@ons	
  
      •  x264	
  implementa@on	
  r2019	
  (hep://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html)	
  
      •  JM	
  reference	
  sojware	
  18.0	
  (hep://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/)	
  
  – Use	
  of	
  one	
  configura@on	
  for	
  each	
  implementa@on	
  
      •  X264:	
  best	
  performing	
  configura@on	
  from	
  recent	
  MSU	
  codec	
  benchmark	
  and	
  
         constant	
  bitrate	
  (CBR)	
  mode	
  to	
  achieve	
  target	
  bitrates	
  
      •  JM:	
  alpha	
  anchor	
  configura@on	
  corresponding	
  to	
  random	
  access	
  constraint	
  and	
  
         varying	
  QP	
  to	
  achieve	
  target	
  bitrates	
  
    SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
        Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                 8	
  
    2011	
                                                 on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  codecs	
  and	
  configura@ons	
  
•  HEVC	
  
   – Recently	
  started	
  ini@a@ve	
  of	
  JCT-­‐VC	
  to	
  develop	
  more	
  efficient	
  video	
  coding	
  
     standard	
  with	
  extended	
  and	
  new	
  coding	
  tools	
  
   – HM	
  sojware	
  (hep://hevc.hhi.fraunhofer.de/svn/svn_HEVCSojware/)	
  v3.2	
  
   – Use	
  of	
  the	
  high	
  efficiency	
  configura@on	
  sa@sfying	
  the	
  random	
  access	
  scenario	
  
   – Varying	
  QP	
  to	
  achieve	
  target	
  bitrates	
  




     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
        Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                  9	
  
     2011	
                                                 on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
SUBJECTIVE	
  QUALITY	
  EVALUATION	
  



SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          10	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
MMSPG	
  test	
  environment	
  
•  3	
   high	
   quality	
   LCD	
   monitors	
   (Eizo	
  
   CG301W)	
  
   –  na@ve	
  resolu@on	
  of	
  2560x1600	
  pixels	
  
   –  gray-­‐to-­‐gray	
  response	
  @me	
  of	
  6	
  ms	
  
   –  black-­‐white-­‐black	
  response	
  @me	
  of	
  12	
  ms	
  
   –  calibrated	
  using	
  an	
  EyeOne	
  Display2	
  color	
  
      calibra@on	
  device	
  
•  1	
   high	
   performance	
   video	
   server	
   with	
  
   SSD	
  
•  controlled	
   ligh@ng	
   system	
   (neon	
  
   lamps	
  with	
  6500	
  K	
  color	
  temperature)	
  
•  mid	
   gray	
   background	
   walls	
   and	
  
   curtains	
  
•  S a m e	
   e n v i r o n m e n t	
   u s e d	
   f o r	
  
   evalua@on	
   and	
   selec@on	
   of	
   best	
  
   performing	
   proposals	
   submieed	
   for	
  
   H E V C 	
   s t a n d a r d i z a @ o n	
  
   [DeSimone2011]	
  
      SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                11	
  
      2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  dataset	
  
•  Use	
  8	
  images	
  from	
  the	
  JPEG	
  XR	
  Evalua@on	
  Dataset	
  
•  Resolu@on	
  of	
  1280x1600	
  pixels,	
  4:4:4	
  RGB	
  format	
  
•  2	
  images	
  (p30,	
  cafe)	
  for	
  training	
  and	
  6	
  images	
  for	
  tes@ng	
  
•  Coded	
  using	
  4	
  different	
  codecs	
  and	
  6	
  overall	
  codec	
  configura@ons	
  
•  5	
  different	
  bitrates	
  (bpp):	
  0.125,	
  0.250,	
  0.500,	
  0.750,	
  1.000	
  
•  A	
  few	
  codec	
  configura@ons	
  (JPEG,	
  VP8)	
  did	
  not	
  reach	
  the	
  lower	
  bitrates	
  




     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               12	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  dataset	
  
•  Use	
  5	
  video	
  from	
  the	
  VQEG	
  HDTV	
  SVT	
  Dataset	
  
•  Various	
  resolu@ons	
  available	
  (2160p50,	
  1080p50,	
  1080i25,	
  etc.)	
  
•  Spa@al	
  and	
  temporal	
  subsampling	
  of	
  1080p50	
  to	
  854x480@25	
  
•  1	
  video	
  (ParkJoy)	
  for	
  training	
  	
  and	
  4	
  videos	
  for	
  tes@ng	
  
•  Coded	
  using	
  4	
  different	
  codecs	
  and	
  4	
  overall	
  codec	
  configura@ons	
  
•  5	
  different	
  bitrates	
  (kbps):	
  250,	
  500,	
  750,	
  1250,	
  2250	
  
•  A	
  few	
  codec	
  configura@ons	
  (VP8)	
  did	
  not	
  reach	
  the	
  lower	
  bitrates	
  




     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               13	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Subjec@ve	
  image	
  quality	
  evalua@on	
  

•  Adopted	
   methodology	
   which	
   was	
  
   recently	
  developed	
  within	
  the	
  context	
  of	
  
   the	
  JPEG	
  XR	
  evalua@on	
  [DeSimone2009]	
  
•  Modified	
   double	
   s@mulus	
   con@nuous	
  
   quality	
  scale	
  (DSCQS)	
  [ITU	
  BT.500-­‐11]	
  
•  Implicit	
   reference	
   (SRC)	
   and	
   compressed	
  
   i m a g e	
   ( H R C ) 	
   a r e	
   p r e s e n t e d	
  
   simultaneously	
  
•  The	
  quality	
  of	
  both	
  s@muli	
  is	
  rated	
  on	
  a	
  
   con@nuous	
   quality	
   scale	
   from	
   0	
   to	
   100	
  
   with	
   5	
   quality	
   levels	
   (bad,	
   poor,	
   fair,	
  
   good,	
  excellent)	
  

     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               14	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Subjec@ve	
  video	
  quality	
  evalua@on	
  



•  Double	
  s@mulus	
  impairment	
  scale	
  (DSIS)	
  
   [ITU	
  BT.500-­‐11]	
  
•  Explicit	
  reference	
  (SRC)	
  and	
  compressed	
  
   video	
  (HRC)	
  are	
  presented	
  sequen@ally	
  
•  Amount	
   of	
   ar@facts	
   with	
   respect	
   to	
   the	
  
   reference	
  is	
  rated	
  on	
  a	
  con@nuous	
  scale	
  
   from	
   0	
   to	
   100	
   with	
   5	
   impairment	
   levels	
  
   (very	
   annoying,	
   annoying,	
   slightly	
  
   annoying,	
  percep@ble,	
  impercep@ble)	
  



     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               15	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Sessions	
  and	
  subjects	
  

•  Training	
  session	
  for	
  naïve	
  subjects	
  
   – Oral	
  instruc@ons	
  to	
  explain	
  the	
  subjec@ve	
  evalua@on	
  task	
  
   – Training	
  session	
  to	
  explain	
  methodologies	
  to	
  the	
  subjects	
  
   – Training	
  samples	
  for	
  each	
  quality/impairment	
  level	
  selected	
  by	
  expert	
  viewer	
  
•  Number	
  of	
  image	
  and	
  videos	
  samples	
  to	
  large	
  for	
  a	
  single	
  session	
  
   – Image:	
  4	
  sessions	
  of	
  14	
  minutes	
  each	
  
   – Video:	
  3	
  sessions	
  of	
  13	
  minutes	
  each	
  
   – 10	
  minutes	
  break	
  for	
  a	
  subject	
  between	
  two	
  sessions	
  
•  3	
  dummy	
  pairs	
  and	
  1	
  repe@@on	
  for	
  stability	
  and	
  reliability	
  check	
  
•  18	
   different	
   subjects	
   with	
   an	
   average	
   age	
   of	
   24	
   years	
   for	
   both	
  
   image	
  (5	
  women,	
  11	
  men)	
  and	
  video	
  (9	
  women,	
  9	
  men)	
  


     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               16	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Score	
  processing	
  and	
  analysis	
  


•  Adopted	
  established	
  procedure	
  described	
  in	
  [DeSimone2011]	
  
•  Outlier	
  detec@on	
  for	
  each	
  session	
  in	
  order	
  to	
  discard	
  inconsistent	
  
   subjects	
  (no	
  outliers	
  detected	
  for	
  both	
  image	
  and	
  video)	
  
•  Computa@on	
  of	
  sta@s@cal	
  measures	
  for	
  each	
  combina@on	
  of	
  
   content,	
  coding	
  condi@on	
  and	
  bitrate	
  
   – Mean	
  opinion	
  scores	
  (MOS)	
  for	
  both	
  DSIS	
  and	
  DSCQS	
  
   – 95%	
  confidence	
  intervals	
  (CI)	
  	
  using	
  Student’s	
  t-­‐distribu@on	
  
•  Rate	
  distor@on	
  plots	
  (RDP)	
  for	
  each	
  content	
  across	
  all	
  bitrates	
  
•  Mul@ple	
  comparison	
  analysis	
  (MCA)	
  to	
  iden@fy	
  sta@s@cal	
  
   significant	
  differences	
  among	
  different	
  codecs	
  for	
  the	
  same	
  bitrate	
  


     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
      Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                17	
  
     2011	
                                               on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
RESULTS	
  



SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          18	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          19	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (bike)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          20	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (p01)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          21	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (p06)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          22	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (p10)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          23	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (p14)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          24	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (woman)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          25	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  MCA	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          26	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (0.125	
  bpp)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            27	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (0.250	
  bpp)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            28	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (0.500	
  bpp)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            29	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (0.750	
  bpp)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            30	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Image	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (1.000	
  bpp)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            31	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Bpp	
  0.25	
  




                                                                                                        Original	
          JPEG	
        JPEG2k	
  


                                                                                                                          JPEG-­‐XR	
  
                                                                                                            VP8	
  
                                                                                                                            (MS)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                           32	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Bpp	
  0.5	
  




                                                                                                        Original	
          JPEG	
        JPEG2k	
  


                                                                                                                          JPEG-­‐XR	
  
                                                                                                            VP8	
  
                                                                                                                            (MS)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                           33	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Bpp	
  0.25	
  




                                                                                                        Original	
          JPEG	
        JPEG2k	
  


                                                                                                                          JPEG-­‐XR	
  
                                                                                                            VP8	
  
                                                                                                                            (MS)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                           34	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Bpp	
  0.5	
  




                                                                                                        Original	
          JPEG	
        JPEG2k	
  


                                                                                                                          JPEG-­‐XR	
  
                                                                                                            VP8	
  
                                                                                                                            (MS)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                           35	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Bpp	
  0.25	
  




                                                                                                        Original	
          JPEG	
        JPEG2k	
  


                                                                                                                          JPEG-­‐XR	
  
                                                                                                            VP8	
  
                                                                                                                            (MS)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                           36	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Bpp	
  0.5	
  




                                                                                                        Original	
          JPEG	
        JPEG2k	
  


                                                                                                                          JPEG-­‐XR	
  
                                                                                                            VP8	
  
                                                                                                                            (MS)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                           37	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RDP	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          38	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (CrowdRun)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
      Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                           39	
  
2011	
                                               on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (DucksTakeOff)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          40	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (InToTree)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          41	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RDP	
  (OldTownCross)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          42	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  MCA	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          43	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
      Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                           44	
  
2011	
                                               on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
      Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                           45	
  
2011	
                                               on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (750	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
      Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                           46	
  
2011	
                                               on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            47	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  MCA	
  (2250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
       Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                            48	
  
2011	
                                                on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          49	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




NOTE:	
  for	
  this	
  content	
  webM	
  did	
  not	
  reach	
  the	
  target	
  bitrate	
  of	
  500	
  kbps	
  so	
  this	
  frame	
  has	
  been	
  extracted	
  from	
  the	
  
webM	
  sample	
  with	
  bitrate	
  closest	
  to	
  500	
  kbps	
  (see	
  slide	
  39)	
  
       SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
             Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                                                   50	
  
       2011	
                                                      on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          51	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          52	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          53	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          54	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          55	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          56	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          57	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          58	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (CrowdRun	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          59	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          60	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




NOTE:	
  for	
  this	
  content	
  webM	
  did	
  not	
  reach	
  the	
  target	
  bitrate	
  of	
  500	
  kbps	
  so	
  this	
  frame	
  has	
  been	
  extracted	
  from	
  the	
  
webM	
  sample	
  with	
  bitrate	
  closest	
  to	
  500	
  kbps	
  (see	
  slide	
  40)	
  
       SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
             Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                                                                   61	
  
       2011	
                                                      on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          62	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          63	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  500	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          64	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          65	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          66	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          67	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          68	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Video	
  coding	
  RS	
  (DucksTakeOff	
  1250	
  kbps)	
  




SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          69	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
CONCLUSION	
  



SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                          70	
  
2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Conclusion	
  

•  VP8	
  image	
  compression	
  showed	
  performance	
  comparable	
  to	
  JPEG	
  
   XR	
   and	
   JPEG	
   2000,	
   all	
   significantly	
   outperforming	
   JPEG	
  
   compression.	
  	
  
•  VP8	
   video	
   compression	
   showed	
   performance	
   compe@@ve	
   with	
  
   x264,	
   while	
   the	
   new	
   HEVC	
   technology	
   under	
   defini@on	
   usually	
  
   showed	
  the	
  best	
  performance.	
  
•  For	
  some	
  contents,	
  both	
  for	
  image	
  and	
  video	
  compression,	
  it	
  could	
  
   be	
  no@ced	
  that	
  the	
  current	
  implementa@on	
  of	
  VP8	
  seemed	
  to	
  have	
  
   difficul@es	
  reaching	
  low	
  bit	
  rates	
  condi@ons	
  that	
  most	
  other	
  codecs	
  
   reached.	
  
•  Future	
   studies	
   will	
   consider	
   other	
   resolu@ons	
   of	
   the	
   same	
   test	
  
   material,	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  other	
  subjec@ve	
  evalua@on	
  methodologies.	
  

     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               71	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
References	
  
•  De	
   Simone,	
   F.,	
   Goldmann,	
   Baroncini	
   V.,	
   and	
   Ebrahimi,	
   T.,	
  
   “Subjec@ve	
   evalua@on	
   of	
   JPEG	
   XR	
   image	
   compression,"	
   SPIE	
   7443	
  
   (2009).	
  
•  De	
  Simone,	
  F.,	
  Goldmann,	
  L.,	
  Lee,	
  J.	
  S.,	
  and	
  Ebrahimi,	
  T.,	
  “Towards	
  
   High	
   Efficiency	
   Video	
   Coding:	
   Subjec@ve	
   Evalua@on	
   of	
   Poten@al	
  
   Coding	
  Technologies,"	
  Journal	
  of	
  Visual	
  Communica@on	
  and	
  Image	
  
   Representa@on	
  (2011).	
  




     SPIE	
  Op@cs+Photonics	
     Performance	
  Analysis	
  of	
  VP8	
  Image	
  and	
  Video	
  Compression	
  Based	
  
                                                                                                                               72	
  
     2011	
                                              on	
  Subjec@ve	
  Evalua@ons	
  
Thank	
  you	
  for	
  your	
  aeen@on!	
  

   Visit	
  us	
  at:	
  hep://mmspg.epfl.ch	
  
                             	
  

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Rate distortion performance of VP8 (WebP and WebM) when compared to standard image and video compression techniques

  • 1. Performance  analysis  of  VP8  image  and  video   compression  based  on  subjec8ve  evalua8ons   Francesca  De  Simone,  Lutz  Goldmann,   Jong-­‐Seok  Lee,  Touradj  Ebrahimi   Mul@media  Signal  Processing  Group,   Ecole  Polythechnique  Fédérale  de  Lausanne,  Lausanne     SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics  2011   Applica@ons  of  Digital  Image  Processing  
  • 2. Outline   •  Introduc@on   •  Codecs  and  configura@ons   •  Subjec@ve  quality  evalua@on   – MMSPG  test  environment   – Datasets   – Test  methodology   – Score  processing  and  analysis   •  Results   – Rate  distor@on  plots  (RDP)   – Mul@ple  comparison  analysis  (MCA)   – Visual  samples   •  Conclusions   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   2   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 3. INTRODUCTION   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   3   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 4. Introduc@on   •  Trends  clearly  indicate  that  the  video  consump@on  over  the  Web  is   on   the   rise.   At   the   same   @me,   users'   demand   for   increased   resolu@on  and  higher  quality  is  growing.   •  Alterna@ves   for   compression   of   digital   pictures   and   video   sequences:   – interna@onally  recognized  standard  solu@ons   – VP8  open  access  image  and  video  compression   •  Our   study:   methodology   and   results   of   the   rate-­‐distor@on   performance   analysis   of   VP8   based   on   subjec@ve   quality   assessment  experiments   – comparison   of   VP8   to   JPEG,   JPEG   2000,   JPEG   XR   for   4:2:0   image   compression,   to  H.264/AVC  and  HEVC  for  4:2:0  video  compression   – first  study  in  the  state  of  the  art  on  formal  subjec@ve  quality  evalua@on  of  VP8     SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   4   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 5. CODECS  AND  CONFIGURATIONS     SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   5   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 6. Image  codecs  and  configura@ons   •  WebP   – Intra  frame  coding  of  VP8  ini@ally  developed  by  On2   – Use  of  Google  implementa@on  0.1.2  (hep://code.google.com/speed/webp)   – Two  configura@ons  were  considered:  default,  photo   – Varying  quality  factor  to  reach  different  target  bitrates   •  JPEG   – Block  based  image  compression  standard  developed  in  1992   – Use  of  the  IJG  implementa@on  8c  (hep://ijg.org/)   – Coded  using  baseline  profile  and  by  varying  the  quality  factor   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   6   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 7. Image  codecs  and  configura@ons   •  JPEG  2000   – Wavelet  based  image  compression  standard  with  improved  func@onality  and   coding  efficiency   – Use  of  the  Kakadu  implementa@on  6.4.1  (hep://www.kakadusojware.com/)   – Encoding  in  YUV  4:2:0  format  with  necessary  color  conversion  and  sampling   – Rate  control  op@on  to  obtain  target  bitrates   •  JPEG  XR   – Latest  image  compression  standard  published  in  2009   – Considered  two  implementa@ons   •  JPEG  XR  reference  sojware  1.20   •  Implementa@on  provided  by  Microsoj   – Varying  quality  factor  to  reach  target  bitrates   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   7   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 8. Video  codecs  and  configura@ons   •  WebM   – VP8  video  codec  ini@ally  developed  by  On2  and  recently  released  by  Google   – Use  of  libvpx  implementa@on  0.9.6  (hep://www.webmproject.org/)   – Use  of  best  configura@on  from  recent  MSU  codec  benchmark   – Contant  bitrate  (CBR)  mode  to  achieve  target  bitrates   •  H.264/AVC   – Very  popular  video  coding  standard  completed  by  JVT  in  2003   – Considered  two  implementa@ons   •  x264  implementa@on  r2019  (hep://www.videolan.org/developers/x264.html)   •  JM  reference  sojware  18.0  (hep://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/)   – Use  of  one  configura@on  for  each  implementa@on   •  X264:  best  performing  configura@on  from  recent  MSU  codec  benchmark  and   constant  bitrate  (CBR)  mode  to  achieve  target  bitrates   •  JM:  alpha  anchor  configura@on  corresponding  to  random  access  constraint  and   varying  QP  to  achieve  target  bitrates   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   8   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 9. Video  codecs  and  configura@ons   •  HEVC   – Recently  started  ini@a@ve  of  JCT-­‐VC  to  develop  more  efficient  video  coding   standard  with  extended  and  new  coding  tools   – HM  sojware  (hep://hevc.hhi.fraunhofer.de/svn/svn_HEVCSojware/)  v3.2   – Use  of  the  high  efficiency  configura@on  sa@sfying  the  random  access  scenario   – Varying  QP  to  achieve  target  bitrates   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   9   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 10. SUBJECTIVE  QUALITY  EVALUATION   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   10   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 11. MMSPG  test  environment   •  3   high   quality   LCD   monitors   (Eizo   CG301W)   –  na@ve  resolu@on  of  2560x1600  pixels   –  gray-­‐to-­‐gray  response  @me  of  6  ms   –  black-­‐white-­‐black  response  @me  of  12  ms   –  calibrated  using  an  EyeOne  Display2  color   calibra@on  device   •  1   high   performance   video   server   with   SSD   •  controlled   ligh@ng   system   (neon   lamps  with  6500  K  color  temperature)   •  mid   gray   background   walls   and   curtains   •  S a m e   e n v i r o n m e n t   u s e d   f o r   evalua@on   and   selec@on   of   best   performing   proposals   submieed   for   H E V C   s t a n d a r d i z a @ o n   [DeSimone2011]   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   11   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 12. Image  dataset   •  Use  8  images  from  the  JPEG  XR  Evalua@on  Dataset   •  Resolu@on  of  1280x1600  pixels,  4:4:4  RGB  format   •  2  images  (p30,  cafe)  for  training  and  6  images  for  tes@ng   •  Coded  using  4  different  codecs  and  6  overall  codec  configura@ons   •  5  different  bitrates  (bpp):  0.125,  0.250,  0.500,  0.750,  1.000   •  A  few  codec  configura@ons  (JPEG,  VP8)  did  not  reach  the  lower  bitrates   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   12   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 13. Video  dataset   •  Use  5  video  from  the  VQEG  HDTV  SVT  Dataset   •  Various  resolu@ons  available  (2160p50,  1080p50,  1080i25,  etc.)   •  Spa@al  and  temporal  subsampling  of  1080p50  to  854x480@25   •  1  video  (ParkJoy)  for  training    and  4  videos  for  tes@ng   •  Coded  using  4  different  codecs  and  4  overall  codec  configura@ons   •  5  different  bitrates  (kbps):  250,  500,  750,  1250,  2250   •  A  few  codec  configura@ons  (VP8)  did  not  reach  the  lower  bitrates   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   13   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 14. Subjec@ve  image  quality  evalua@on   •  Adopted   methodology   which   was   recently  developed  within  the  context  of   the  JPEG  XR  evalua@on  [DeSimone2009]   •  Modified   double   s@mulus   con@nuous   quality  scale  (DSCQS)  [ITU  BT.500-­‐11]   •  Implicit   reference   (SRC)   and   compressed   i m a g e   ( H R C )   a r e   p r e s e n t e d   simultaneously   •  The  quality  of  both  s@muli  is  rated  on  a   con@nuous   quality   scale   from   0   to   100   with   5   quality   levels   (bad,   poor,   fair,   good,  excellent)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   14   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 15. Subjec@ve  video  quality  evalua@on   •  Double  s@mulus  impairment  scale  (DSIS)   [ITU  BT.500-­‐11]   •  Explicit  reference  (SRC)  and  compressed   video  (HRC)  are  presented  sequen@ally   •  Amount   of   ar@facts   with   respect   to   the   reference  is  rated  on  a  con@nuous  scale   from   0   to   100   with   5   impairment   levels   (very   annoying,   annoying,   slightly   annoying,  percep@ble,  impercep@ble)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   15   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 16. Sessions  and  subjects   •  Training  session  for  naïve  subjects   – Oral  instruc@ons  to  explain  the  subjec@ve  evalua@on  task   – Training  session  to  explain  methodologies  to  the  subjects   – Training  samples  for  each  quality/impairment  level  selected  by  expert  viewer   •  Number  of  image  and  videos  samples  to  large  for  a  single  session   – Image:  4  sessions  of  14  minutes  each   – Video:  3  sessions  of  13  minutes  each   – 10  minutes  break  for  a  subject  between  two  sessions   •  3  dummy  pairs  and  1  repe@@on  for  stability  and  reliability  check   •  18   different   subjects   with   an   average   age   of   24   years   for   both   image  (5  women,  11  men)  and  video  (9  women,  9  men)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   16   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 17. Score  processing  and  analysis   •  Adopted  established  procedure  described  in  [DeSimone2011]   •  Outlier  detec@on  for  each  session  in  order  to  discard  inconsistent   subjects  (no  outliers  detected  for  both  image  and  video)   •  Computa@on  of  sta@s@cal  measures  for  each  combina@on  of   content,  coding  condi@on  and  bitrate   – Mean  opinion  scores  (MOS)  for  both  DSIS  and  DSCQS   – 95%  confidence  intervals  (CI)    using  Student’s  t-­‐distribu@on   •  Rate  distor@on  plots  (RDP)  for  each  content  across  all  bitrates   •  Mul@ple  comparison  analysis  (MCA)  to  iden@fy  sta@s@cal   significant  differences  among  different  codecs  for  the  same  bitrate   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   17   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 18. RESULTS   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   18   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 19. Image  coding  RDP   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   19   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 20. Image  coding  RDP  (bike)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   20   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 21. Image  coding  RDP  (p01)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   21   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 22. Image  coding  RDP  (p06)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   22   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 23. Image  coding  RDP  (p10)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   23   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 24. Image  coding  RDP  (p14)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   24   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 25. Image  coding  RDP  (woman)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   25   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 26. Image  coding  MCA   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   26   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 27. Image  coding  MCA  (0.125  bpp)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   27   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 28. Image  coding  MCA  (0.250  bpp)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   28   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 29. Image  coding  MCA  (0.500  bpp)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   29   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 30. Image  coding  MCA  (0.750  bpp)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   30   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 31. Image  coding  MCA  (1.000  bpp)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   31   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 32. Bpp  0.25   Original   JPEG   JPEG2k   JPEG-­‐XR   VP8   (MS)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   32   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 33. Bpp  0.5   Original   JPEG   JPEG2k   JPEG-­‐XR   VP8   (MS)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   33   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 34. Bpp  0.25   Original   JPEG   JPEG2k   JPEG-­‐XR   VP8   (MS)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   34   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 35. Bpp  0.5   Original   JPEG   JPEG2k   JPEG-­‐XR   VP8   (MS)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   35   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 36. Bpp  0.25   Original   JPEG   JPEG2k   JPEG-­‐XR   VP8   (MS)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   36   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 37. Bpp  0.5   Original   JPEG   JPEG2k   JPEG-­‐XR   VP8   (MS)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   37   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 38. Video  coding  RDP   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   38   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 39. Video  coding  RDP  (CrowdRun)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   39   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 40. Video  coding  RDP  (DucksTakeOff)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   40   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 41. Video  coding  RDP  (InToTree)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   41   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 42. Video  coding  RDP  (OldTownCross)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   42   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 43. Video  coding  MCA   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   43   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 44. Video  coding  MCA  (250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   44   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 45. Video  coding  MCA  (500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   45   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 46. Video  coding  MCA  (750  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   46   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 47. Video  coding  MCA  (1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   47   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 48. Video  coding  MCA  (2250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   48   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 49. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   49   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 50. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  500  kbps)   NOTE:  for  this  content  webM  did  not  reach  the  target  bitrate  of  500  kbps  so  this  frame  has  been  extracted  from  the   webM  sample  with  bitrate  closest  to  500  kbps  (see  slide  39)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   50   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 51. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   51   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 52. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   52   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 53. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   53   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 54. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   54   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 55. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   55   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 56. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   56   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 57. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   57   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 58. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   58   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 59. Video  coding  RS  (CrowdRun  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   59   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 60. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   60   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 61. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  500  kbps)   NOTE:  for  this  content  webM  did  not  reach  the  target  bitrate  of  500  kbps  so  this  frame  has  been  extracted  from  the   webM  sample  with  bitrate  closest  to  500  kbps  (see  slide  40)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   61   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 62. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   62   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 63. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   63   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 64. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  500  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   64   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 65. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   65   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 66. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   66   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 67. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   67   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 68. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   68   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 69. Video  coding  RS  (DucksTakeOff  1250  kbps)   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   69   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 70. CONCLUSION   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   70   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 71. Conclusion   •  VP8  image  compression  showed  performance  comparable  to  JPEG   XR   and   JPEG   2000,   all   significantly   outperforming   JPEG   compression.     •  VP8   video   compression   showed   performance   compe@@ve   with   x264,   while   the   new   HEVC   technology   under   defini@on   usually   showed  the  best  performance.   •  For  some  contents,  both  for  image  and  video  compression,  it  could   be  no@ced  that  the  current  implementa@on  of  VP8  seemed  to  have   difficul@es  reaching  low  bit  rates  condi@ons  that  most  other  codecs   reached.   •  Future   studies   will   consider   other   resolu@ons   of   the   same   test   material,  as  well  as  other  subjec@ve  evalua@on  methodologies.   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   71   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 72. References   •  De   Simone,   F.,   Goldmann,   Baroncini   V.,   and   Ebrahimi,   T.,   “Subjec@ve   evalua@on   of   JPEG   XR   image   compression,"   SPIE   7443   (2009).   •  De  Simone,  F.,  Goldmann,  L.,  Lee,  J.  S.,  and  Ebrahimi,  T.,  “Towards   High   Efficiency   Video   Coding:   Subjec@ve   Evalua@on   of   Poten@al   Coding  Technologies,"  Journal  of  Visual  Communica@on  and  Image   Representa@on  (2011).   SPIE  Op@cs+Photonics   Performance  Analysis  of  VP8  Image  and  Video  Compression  Based   72   2011   on  Subjec@ve  Evalua@ons  
  • 73. Thank  you  for  your  aeen@on!   Visit  us  at:  hep://mmspg.epfl.ch    

Editor's Notes

  1. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
  2. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
  3. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
  4. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
  5. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
  6. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)
  7. Performance analysis of WebP and VP8 based on subjective evaluations Paper 8135-20 Time: 11:20 AM - 11:40 AMAuthor(s): Francesca De Simone, Jong-Seok Lee, Lutz Goldmann, TouradjEbrahimi, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland)